Tinnitus

 

Tinnitus

Patients with tinnitus hear ringing in their ears such as whistling, hissing, or buzzing. The disturbance is not to be classified as dangerous; however, for some people, tinnitus that has become chronic means a significant impairment of their quality of life. In about 70% of cases, the tinnitus resolves on its own.

What is tinnitus?

Patients with tinnitus hear ringing in their ears such as whistling, hissing, or buzzing. In principle, the disruption is not classified as dangerous at first. Tinnitus only leads to therapy if the person concerned feels affected by it. The noise is not hazardous and - contrary to what is often feared by those affected - cannot cause physical harm, e.g., B. leads to hearing impairment. However, for some people, tinnitus that has become chronic means a significant impairment of their quality of life. In most tinnitus sufferers, the tinnitus disappears within a few days, weeks, or months, even without therapy.

If a sudden hearing loss coincides with tinnitus, the cause of which is not apparent, it is called a "sudden hearing loss." Then you must see your personal doctor or an ENT doctor within a few working days. If the muffled in your ears persists for several weeks, you should also consult your doctor as soon as possible for clarification.

A difference is made between acute and chronic tinnitus based on the duration. The time limit seems to be clearly defined, but the time limit is of little importance for the diagnostic procedure or therapy:

·        acute tinnitus: the onset of tinnitus was less than three months ago. During this time interval, the noise often also disappears spontaneously.

·        Chronic tinnitus: tinnitus has been noticeable for more than three months. Now the probability of disappearing with and without therapy is significantly lower. The treatment aim now is to learn to cope with tinnitus.

Symptoms of tinnitus

Primary of all, it must be emphasized that the translation of tinnitus as noise in the ear corresponds to perception because, for us, all noises are projected onto the ear. The ear is not the place of origin but rather a change in perception in central sections of the brain (including the central auditory pathway, emotional evaluation, and attention control in the midbrain). The tinnitus would not stop if the auditory nerve were interrupted immediately after it emerged from the inner ear. This means that the information tinnitus cannot come out of the ear. Otherwise, it should have disappeared afterward.

Tinnitus manifests itself differently from patient to patient. The noises in the ears can occur, such as beeping, humming, humming or whirring, hissing or screeching, but other tinnitus variants are also described. The tones are consistently intense in some people, or they swell rhythmically up and down. The majority of patients with tinnitus get along well without therapeutic intervention ("I have tinnitus, mostly doesn't bother me," "I've got used to it," are frequent statements). Only when the tinnitus leads to a significant reduction in quality of life does the need for medical and therapeutic intervention arise.

 

Everyday stressors associated with tinnitus can include:

·        Hyperacusis

·        Sleep disorder

·        Limitation of physical performance

·        dizziness

·        Pain and tension in the shoulder and neck area

·        Difficulty concentrating, nervousness, restlessness

·        Depressed mood

·        Fear of the future

Such stresses can be recorded in tinnitus patients using standardized questionnaires (e.g., Tinnitus Questionaire TQ; Tinnitus Handicap Inventory THI)

Causes - development of tinnitus

Tinnitus is not a disease in itself. Instead, it is a symptom of various disorders.

Possible physical or emotional causes can be:

·        Physical causes

·        all diseases that cause hearing loss, e.g., B.

·        Sudden hearing loss

·        Otosclerosis

·        chronic noise damage or a bang dream

·        Menière's disease (hearing loss, tinnitus, attacks of dizziness)

·        Old age hearing loss

·        rare causes

·        Functional disorders of the cervical spine and shoulder-neck muscles

·        Functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint

·        neurological diseases, e.g., B. acoustic schwannoma

Mental causes

·        depression

·        Anxiety disorders

·        Stress caused by chronic conflicts in the professional or private environment

Only rarely can a single cause be identified and proven. The development of tinnitus is often due to the complex networks between the hearing and the brain. One differentiates:

Subjective tinnitus: Subjective tinnitus is the most common. It can only be heard by those affected; it can not be audible for others.

Objective tinnitus: Objective tinnitus is extremely rare. It is created by a measurable sound source at the ear. With the help of special devices, the doctor can make the patient's ear noises audible.

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